R Print - Color photographic print made from transparency without using internegative.

Rag Paper - Historically, paper made with rag pulp. Today it is usually referred to as cotton fiber paper. It may be made from cotton cuttings (rags), linters or other waste cotton.

Railroad Board - Heavy board paper used for posters and signs.

Rainbow Fountain - Technique of putting ink colors next to each other in the same ink fountain and oscillating the ink rollers to make the colors merge where they touch, producing a rainbow effect.

Raised Printing - Alternate term for Thermography.

Raster Image Processor (RIP) - Device that translates page description commands into bitmapped information for an output device such as a laser printer or imagesetter.

RC Paper - Resin-coated paper for typesetting and PMTs that, when properly processed, will not yellow.

Reader Spread - Mechanicals made in two page spreads as readers would see the pages, as compared to printer spread.

Ream - 500 sheets of printing paper.

Recycled Paper - A paper product that contains recovered paper materials. The recycled content is measured as a percentage of the paper's weight.

Reel - The roll on which the finished paper product is wound at the end of the paper machine.

Refining - This process disrupts the cell wall of the fiber creating fibrils (split ends) in order to improve the inter-fiber bonds in a sheet of paper.

Reflective Copy - Copy that is to be viewed by light reflected from them, as compared to transparent copy. Also called reflex copy.

Register Marks - Cross-hair lines on mechanicals and film that help keep flats, plates, and printing in register. Also called crossmarks and position marks.

Regular - Any envelope without a Window.

Relief Printing - Printing method whose image carriers are surfaces with two levels having inked areas higher than noninked areas. Relief printing includes block printing, flexography and letter press.

Remnant Rolls - Leftovers from a previous manufacturing run. Example: overruns, trim rolls. May also be referred to as “surplus.”

Repeatability - Ability of a device, such as an imagesetter, to produce film or plates that yield images in register.

Resin - Like lignin, resin is a small, undesirable component of wood, which for the most part is removed by adding deresinating agents to the cooking process.

Resolution Target - An image, such as the GATF Star Target, that permits evaluation of resolution on film, proofs or plates.

Retouching - A means of altering artwork or color separations to correct faults or enhance the image.

Reverse - Type, graphic or illustration reproduced by printing ink around its outline, thus allowing the underlying color or paper to show through and form the image. The image 'reverses out' of the ink color. Also called knockout and liftout.

Rewinder - Equipment used to slit a large width roll into a smaller width. It takes reels from the paper machine, unwinds the web, slits it and then rewinds the web onto small fiberboard cores. This allows the mill to make a multitude of roll widths and diameters to meet specific customer orders.

RGB - Abbreviation for red, green, blue, the additive color primaries. The method of how color is defined on a monitor. Usually in the Red, Green , Blue color space which when combined gives white light.

Right Reading - Copy that reads correctly in the language in which it is written. Also describes a photo whose orientation looks like the original scene, as compared to a flopped image.

Roll - Paper wound around a core or shaft to form a continuous roll or web of paper. Rolls are made by slitting and rewinding a paper machine reel and are available in many widths and diameters.

Roll hardness Tester - Used to determine the relative uniformity of bulk across a web.

Roll Set Curl - The curve in paper caused by winding around a roll or core.

Rolls per Bundle - Several rolls banded to each other and wrapped as one. Mainly applies to narrow rolls.

Rosin Size - The soap solution obtained by cooking rosin with caustic soda or soda ash. It is added to the pulp furnish in the beater to render the paper or board water-resistant.

Rotary Press - A web or reel fed printing press which uses a curved printing plate mounted on the plate cylinder.

Rotogravure - Gravure printing using a web press.

Round Back Bind - To casebind with a rounded (convex) spine, as compared to flat back bind.

Royal - A size of printing paper 20in x 25in (508 x 635mm).

Ruby Window - Mask on a mechanical, made with rubylith, that creates a window on film shot from the mechanical.

Rubylith - Ulano trade name for red masking film.

Rule - Line used as a graphic element to separate or organize copy.

Ruleup - Map or drawing given by a printer to a stripper showing how a printing job must be imposed using a specific press and sheet size. Also called press layout, printer's layout and ruleout.

Ruling - See Screen ruling.

Run - Total number of copies ordered or printed.

Runaround - The ability within a program to run text around a graphic image within a document, without the need to ajust each line manually.

Runnability - A paper’s capability to be transported trouble-free from the roll stand or feeder of a printing press or converting machine to the delivery Runner boards (used to prevent rolls/skids from shifting in transit.)

Running Head or Foot - Title or other information at the top or bottom of every page of a publication.

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